Understand the crypto concepts behind the modern internet security infrastructure, from digital signatures and transport layer security to blockchains and Bitcoin. Cryptography grows ever more ...

The arena of creating secure environments in the hardware and software industries is somewhat shrouded in mystery and misunderstanding. Certainly, some types of ciphers are relatively straightforward ...

You could do worse than to confuse the meanings of "code" and "cipher"—even cryptographers sometime use the terms as though they had the same meaning. There is, however, a definite distinction between ...

In the context of cryptography, the un-transformed message is known as plaintext, the transformation is known as encryption and the transformed message is known as ciphertext. The encryption process ...